Magdol, L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Fagan, J., Newman, D. L., & Silva,
P. A. (1997). Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of
21 year Olds: bridging the gap between clinical and epidemiological approaches.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 68-78. (Used CTS with a
sample of 861 21 year Olds <436 men, 425 women> in New Zealand. Physical
violence perpetration was reported during the previous 12 months by 37.2%
of women and 21.8% of men, with severe violence perpetration by women at 18.6%
and men at 5.7%.)
Here's another example:
Moffitt, T. E., Robins, R. W., & Caspi, A. (2001). A couples analysis
of partner abuse with implications for abuse-prevention policy. Criminology
& Public Policy, 1 (1), 5-36. (A representative longitudinal sample of
360 young-adult couples in New Zealand completed a 13 item physical abuse
scale. Results reveal that 40% of males and 50% of females
had perpetrated at least one act of physical violence toward their partners.)
And another one:
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Ridder, E. M. (2005). Partner violence
and mental health outcomes in a New Zealand birth cohort. Journal of Marriage
and Family, 67, 1103-1119. (Examined extent of domestic violence experience
and perpetration in a sample of 828 <437 women, 391 men> young adults
who were 25 years old. Subjects were part of a long term longitudinal study
and were administered the CTS2. Results reveal that "there
were more men exposed to severe domestic violence than women"
and that mild and moderate rates were similar for men and women. Overall,
39.4% of women and 30.9% of men reported perpetration scores of 3 or higher.
Authors report that men and women reported similar rates
of injury <3.9% for women vs. 3.3% for men>. In terms of initiation
of partner assaults, 34% of women and 12% of men reported
initiating physical assaults.)
Another example:
Ehrensaft, M. K., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2004). Clinically abusive
relationships in an unselected birth cohort: men's and women's participation
and developmental antecedents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113 (2), 258-270.
(Assessed 980 individuals, ages 24-26, who were participants in longitudinal
study in New Zealand. Subjects were examined with the CTS, the Partner Conflict
Calendar, PCC, a measure of the consequences of abuse and a variety of personality
and psychopathology scales. Findings reveal that 9%
of the total sample, with an equal number of men and women, were victims of
clinical abuse in their relationships with partners.)
A further example:
Jackson, S. M., Cram, F. & Seymour, F. W. (2000). Violence and sexual
coercion in high school students' dating relationships. Journal of Family
Violence, 15, 23-36. (In a New Zealand sample of senior high school students
<200 women, 173 men> 21% of women and 19% of men
reported having been physically hurt by their heterosexual dating partner.)
And yet another study:
Lewis, A. & Sarantakos, S. (2001). Domestic Violence and the male victim.
Nuance, #3. (Based on interviews with 48 men in Australia and New Zealand,
authors present findings that domestic violence by women toward men exists,
that the refusal to examine the prevalence of this abuse
is a "disempowerment" of men and that official policy should be
changed to provide help for abused men.).