October was Domestic Violence Awareness Month,
a time for communities to unite to mourn the loss of every individual who
has fallen victim to domestic violence, and to raise awareness of the prevalence
of the problem throughout the world. A time to remember and mourn the deaths
of people like Phil Hartman, George Whitley, Sincere Understanding Allah,
Dilip Bhosale, Adam Munn, Joseph Wallace and Yovany Tellez Jr.
Or was it?
The executive proclamation setting aside the month of October as National
Domestic Violence Awareness Month declares that it is part of the federal
government's commitment to "make it possible for women to seek relief
from abuse and reclaim their dignity and their lives." Children and men
are not mentioned.
The United States Department of Health and Human Services describes the
month as a time to "mourn the women who lost their lives to domestic
violence, as well as celebrate the strength of women who have survived."
Evidently, dead men and children are not to be mourned, and the survival of
a male victim is not something to be celebrated.
The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence boasts that every year
the organization "collect[s] information on incidents of women who have
been killed by an intimate partner and produces a poster each year for Domestic
Violence Awareness Month listing the names."
Dead men not only tell no tales; they also don't show up in posters.
When battered women's laws were first introduced, the suggestion would sometimes
be made that they should provide protections for all abuse victims-women,
men, boys and girls. Those proposals were vehemently opposed and overwhelmingly
rejected. To this day, the laws of many states and countries continue to discriminate
against--and encourage others to discriminate against--male victims of domestic
abuse.
Similarly, when the Violence Against Women Act was introduced in the U.S.
Congress, men were not permitted to testify. Congress did not want to hear
about male victims.
In fact, it appears that none of us really wants to hear about male victims.
Male victims are an embarrassment. Worse, their existence threatens the validity
of the one stereotype that the vast majority of us seem to need to believe-the
stereotype that says men are violent and aggressive, while women are gentle
and submissive. Or, to put it another way, the idea that violence is a male
phenomenon. As a culture, we prefer to make male victims the subject of levity
and jest, not offer them help. Mostly, though, we would prefer to believe
that they simply do not exist.
Do male victims of domestic abuse exist? According to a United States Department
of Justice study, there are approximately 835,000 domestic assaults against
men annually. A more recent Bureau of Justice Statistics study reports that
the number of male victims 12 years of age and older is nearly 1.6 million
per year. And according to the United States Department of Health and Human
Services, it has been estimated that as many as 5,000 children, mostly male,
are killed or maimed every year, mostly by women.
It is often asserted that gender-exclusionary laws and policies are justified
because male victims supposedly comprise only 5 or 15% of the total. Yet,
even if the percentage really were that low (and it isn't), would that justify
ignoring male victims altogether? Asians comprise less than 5% of the population
of the United States. Does that mean that we therefore need not concern ourselves
with a crime when an Asian is the victim?
The truth is that male abuse victims exist, and their existence is not anything
new. In fact, policy-makers have known about them for many years. They have
been marginalized for the same reason that lesbian abuse victims are marginalized:
their existence runs counter to our fundamental cultural desire to believe
that violence is a male phenomenon. Sadly, the principal victims of our stubborn
adherence to sexist ideology are neither women nor men. They are Sincere Understanding
Allah, Dilip Bhosale, Adam Munn, Joseph Wallace, Yovany Tellez, and thousands
of other children like them-children that some among us have made invisible
while the rest of us work very hard, in one way or another, to keep them that
way.
_____________________________
*Tom James is an attorney in private practice and the author of the book,
Domestic Violence: The 12 Things You Aren't Supposed To Know (Aventine
Press, 2003)