The concept of Positive Discrimination --
also called Affirmative Action -- highlights features of the dark
underbelly of contemporary liberal democracies:
The fact that the people who control our societies are, to a large extent,
the groups who are advertised as disadvantaged.
The term Positive Discrimination has obviously
been invented in order to give a positive spin to those forms of discrimination
which Leftists wanted to put in place or preserve -- while hypocritically
continuing to claim that discrimination is evil in itself. That is Doublespeak.
Let us explore the logic of Positive Discrimination,
using the example of Positive Discrimination against Non-Maoris in
New Zealand in the area of Health. The Labour-led Government has set up Primary
Healthcare Organisations (PHOs) in areas which either have a high Maori population
or are relatively poor, in order to provide low-cost health-care. Why has
it targeted Maori areas ? Leaving aside the issue of the Treaty
of Waitangi (mainly because we are just taking the Maoris as an example),
we have to assume that the Government wants to help Maoris because their health
is poor, relative to the rest of the community. However, as far as I know,
Maoris' health is no worse than that of other relatively poor people. This
means that they are actually being given special assistance because they are
poor. This ties in with the fact that the other targeted group, apart from
Maoris, is poor people.
So why doesn't the Government just target poor people
? Since Maoris, along with other Polynesians, are known to be the poorest
ethnic group (of any size) in the country, targeting just the poor areas would
automatically include most Maoris. Most of the Maoris who weren't included
would not be poor -- so why would they deserve specially cheap health-care,
subsidised by the taxpayer ? This would discriminate against Non-Maoris of
the same income-level.
The reason is that the Government is motivated by
political pressure from Labour Party Members of Parliament representing Maori
seats (New Zealand has built-in racism, to the extent that some Parliamentary
seats are voted for by Maoris only). So any claim that the Government is motivated
by a desire to advance disadvantaged groups would be a claim made in Bad
Faith -- contrary to the Good Faith requirement of section
19(2) of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act. Their motivation (disregarding
the Treaty of Waitangi , for a moment) is party-political.
In this case, there is no need to use a statistical
group based on race. The health-care need is not linked to race, but to poverty.
Therefore the statistical group that should be used is one relating to poverty.
To use a statistical group based on race when another statistical goup is
more appropriate is Statistical Racism. Similarly, the inappropriate use of
sex-based statistics is Statistical Sexism.
Statistical Sexism, Statistical Racism and Positive
Discrimination create statistically invisible groups of Non-Persons,
such as Non-Maoris, Non-Women (Men), Non-Mothers (Fathers), and Non-People
(Unborn Children). They are ignored, and their rights and aspirations are
ignored, as well.
In many ways, the statistical groups which are isolated and focused on in
this way are less disadvantaged than the Non-Persons are. This varies from
case to case, of course. There always has to be some statistical measure according
to which they are genuinely disadvantaged, but that is not a hard goal for
the creative researcher to achieve ! At one end of the scale we have women,
who are vastly over-privileged compared to men, whose rights and needs are
almost totally ignored. At the other end we have some ethnic minorities, such
as Maoris, who are "underprivileged" in many ways, but who have
more rights than poor Non-Maoris. It is important to note that some minorities
(mainly Asian ones) are socio-economically better-off than the ethnic majority,
so it is not convincing to try to explain Maori disadvantage as the result
of majority racism.
As a result of all this Doublespeak, Bad Faith, Statistical
Racism and Sexism, and of the invisibility of groups of Non-People,
the statistical groups who are advertised as disadvantaged have immense political
power, and use it to transfer resources to themselves from Non-People. This
process must end, and statistical groups must be formed on the basis on need,
not on the basis of Racism or Sexism.
NOTE: The Treaty of Waitangi,
New Zealand's founding document, has been systematically misinterpreted, and
is therefore falling into disrepute in some quarters. This issue will be explored
in a later article.